Vocalisation acts as a primary communication mechanism in anurans, enabling the transmission of information between individuals in a community, facilitating mutual recognition, territorial dispute resolution, mate selection, and prevention of hybridisation. The interaction between habitat characteristics and species composition plays a significant role in shaping the acoustic structure of anuran communities. This study aims to characterise the advertisement calls of anuran species distributed in the Pamplonita River Basin, northeastern Colombia, and to examine how competition and habitat features affect their acoustic structure. It is proposed that environmental selection pressures, as outlined by the Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis (AAH), and acoustic competition, as described by the Acoustic Niche Hypothesis (ANH), both influence the acoustic structure of communities. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to characterise the calls of species from five representative Andean biome localities, evaluating both hypotheses. A total of 23 species, representing 6 families and 13 genera, were recorded and described, including three candidate species and first-time descriptions for five species. The analyses revealed a clear separation among species based on their call characteristics, supporting the ANH. Furthermore, species’ vocalisations varied according to the specific environmental conditions of each habitat, lending support to the AAH.
Andean, call, characteristics, acoustic, adaptation, niche